December 23, 2010
— Ace Except for the small bump in overall costs, it's a good idea, as Congressmen now represent so many people they're sort of insulated from them. Plus, having so few Congressmen produces more hard calls. For example, last time we reapportioned, either Utah or North Carolina, but not both, was to pick up an additional seat; the difference between one seat getting it or the other came down to something silly like 500 people's worth of difference in total state population. I think Utah lost, after a court fight, contending its high number of missionaries serving overseas were not counted in the census. Too bad. They still lost out.
Anyway, with more Congressmen, the pain of just missing out like this is lessened.
535 is a good number to shoot for, or even up to a round 600.
Good idea I think. This has nothing to do with either partisan advantage or state clout: Neither would be much affected.
I think this would be great, just because it would improve most people's representation qualitatively. Quantitatively, though, the benefits are not so evident. I think the folks who have discussed this idea are confused on a number of levels. For one thing, Wyoming is not the most overrepresented state -- by a long way, that distinction goes to Rhode Island, with its two districts, average population 528,000. (As we'll see in a moment, you could add 100 seats to the Congress and Rhode Island, with two seats, would still be overrepresented.)Second, their discussion seems to suggest that an enlargement of the House would benefit Democrats because it would add clout to larger states like California. This is incorrect. In fact, it would probably make little difference for either party. And large states like California and Texas are the least likely to benefit (or suffer) greatly from a change in the House's size. Their large numbers of districts guarantee that they are always close to mean representation, no matter how large the House gets, because they can add them at smaller increments without upsetting the average too badly.
In other words, over- or under-representation is mostly about the cut-offs, the rounding, if you will, and neither smaller states nor larger states, nor Democratic ones or Republican ones, ever know how they're going to fare with respect to rounding/cut-offs after their exact population is put through a strict mathematical formula. Might come out better in this ten year window; might come out worse in this one. It's unpredictable and therefore fair in that respect (as is the current system -- but with fewer Congressmen, there's more unfairness, as it hurts more to just miss that cut-off).
Posted by: Ace at
01:36 PM
| Comments (125)
Post contains 453 words, total size 3 kb.
Or better yet, go to 1000 of them, and have them telecommute for debates, votice, and committee meetings.
Posted by: Keith Arnold at December 23, 2010 01:39 PM (Jdtsu)
Posted by: CoolCzech at December 23, 2010 01:41 PM (tJjm/)
Posted by: Keith Arnold at December 23, 2010 01:42 PM (Jdtsu)
Posted by: CoolCzech at December 23, 2010 01:44 PM (tJjm/)
Posted by: rdbrewer at December 23, 2010 01:45 PM (PIYw/)
Posted by: Boxy at December 23, 2010 01:46 PM (Y4Fu0)
Posted by: epv at December 23, 2010 01:47 PM (7n5AK)
Posted by: Keith Arnold at December 23, 2010 01:47 PM (Jdtsu)
Why should it have to cost more? They'd be doing less work (if that's possible), so should deserve a pay cut. Split whatever they all get paid now by the new total number.
Posted by: Wishful Thinker at December 23, 2010 01:50 PM (gfNFa)
Posted by: PaleRider at December 23, 2010 01:51 PM (dkExz)
A hundred extra criminals and traitors with their hands on the checkbook and the ability to offer up and pass insane laws?
Nuh-uh.
Yes, in theory closer representation sounds good. But when has anyone in Congress actually represented a normal, unconnected, non-donating citizen? Not in living memory. We can't afford the price.
Once the power of Congress to wet its beak in business, the private lives of citizens and the very air we breathe is pulled back to the levels the Founders intended, such an idea might be discussed.
If, that is, the costs -- perks, freebies, staff, pensions, health care, travel and so many others -- are pared down substantially.
As for the 17th Amendment: I'm not ready to see repeal. Right now, the soldati can vote for Senators. I think things would be much worse if the Dons selected their capos.
Posted by: MrScribbler© at December 23, 2010 01:51 PM (Ulu3i)
1)Divide each state's population by the target number of population per seat.
2)Truncate.
3)For the leftover seats assign in descending order of the fractions just truncated.
In any case I think the more important reform is to undo the mutant gerrymandering. Maybe a federal law requiring districts to be concave (a line segment between any two points must lie entirely within the district). I don't see any good coming from "safe" districts for either party.
Posted by: Methos at December 23, 2010 01:52 PM (Ew1k4)
A border concave to a district will be convex to the adjacent district, wouldn't it? Draw me a picture if I misunderstand.
Posted by: Keith Arnold at December 23, 2010 01:55 PM (Jdtsu)
Posted by: The Dude at December 23, 2010 01:57 PM (Ig1Wo)
So yeah. Do it. Let's rock.
Posted by: oblig. at December 23, 2010 01:57 PM (x7Ao8)
Posted by: Barbarian at December 23, 2010 01:58 PM (EL+OC)
Posted by: Marinaman at December 23, 2010 01:58 PM (x3HmA)
Posted by: Chris at December 23, 2010 01:58 PM (GT1x2)
Posted by: some1 at December 23, 2010 02:00 PM (0F7Xm)
Posted by: FDR at December 23, 2010 02:02 PM (QKKT0)
Posted by: phoenixgirl at December 23, 2010 02:02 PM (eOXTH)
First, repeal the 17th...
THEN add more House seats, with the caveat that the redistricting will be done on straight geometric, not political, lines...
ie... you start at the top of the State and make districts from a set number of voters... easily done with a decent computer program...
It always amazes me that the Courts of the US, use Racial Quotas, to reapportion House districts... talk about wrong...
Posted by: Romeo13 at December 23, 2010 02:02 PM (AdK6a)
At the moment it has a lot of granularity to it, but that is not going to get fixed that much with a small bump. --At least when Texas picks up seats it is evident that people are abandoning the policies in blue states to seek refuge elsewhere.
Posted by: AE at December 23, 2010 02:03 PM (kSfPT)
Posted by: cali grump at December 23, 2010 02:03 PM (hL0k8)
Drawing is going to be difficult. If you've got borders that are fairly straight, like major roads, it's doable. Ideally the districats would all be squares. There might need to be some wiggle room, like if you build districts by gluing voting precincts together (which isn't what happens since anyone who's been an election judge can tell you what a pain a split precinct can be), then you might make the restriction some maximum number of exterior precincts that any line segment can traverse.
I'm just brainstorming the process. Mainly my interest is getting rid of the districts that snake around others just to guarantee one outcome or another.
Posted by: Methos at December 23, 2010 02:04 PM (Ew1k4)
"Except where prevented by a state line, national boundary, or body of water, all congressional districts shall have four (4) sides, connected by four right angles."
Allow different sizes for population, but squares and rectangles only. Watch the heads explode...
Posted by: Secundus at December 23, 2010 02:07 PM (W54uI)
Posted by: waiting at December 23, 2010 02:07 PM (YLqOu)
Pass.
And what tangonine said.
Posted by: AnonymousDrivel at December 23, 2010 02:07 PM (swuwV)
Posted by: t-bird at December 23, 2010 02:08 PM (kho+0)
I propose a new amendment.
Salary increases of Congressmen shall be determined by the people during elections. Also elections are to be changed from Early November to the third Tuesday of April.
Its time we re-emphasize to these fuckers that they work for us and we are their bosses not the other way around.
Posted by: buzzion at December 23, 2010 02:09 PM (oVQFe)
What could possibly go wrong?
Posted by: Unclefacts, Confuse A Cat, Ltd. at December 23, 2010 02:09 PM (eCAn3)
Posted by: waiting at December 23, 2010 02:09 PM (YLqOu)
Posted by: SurferDoc at December 23, 2010 02:10 PM (o3bYL)
Vote Secundus for Congress! Illinois 99th--from here, to the tree, and down to the Dairy Queen across from the movie theater. I'll look out for you!
Posted by: Secundus at December 23, 2010 02:10 PM (W54uI)
Heh. I'm sure you know math always gets us in trouble on this blog. As for the rest of your idea, yeah, that's pretty much what I'm looking for. And much better worded.
Posted by: Methos at December 23, 2010 02:11 PM (Ew1k4)
Posted by: waiting at December 23, 2010 02:12 PM (YLqOu)
Posted by: CoolCzech at December 23, 2010 02:13 PM (tJjm/)
Yours is the one that got all the Stimulus funds, right?
Posted by: Methos at December 23, 2010 02:13 PM (Ew1k4)
I'm callin' this the smartest idea of the day!
Posted by: MrScribbler© at December 23, 2010 02:13 PM (Ulu3i)
Probably not. Just an idea. The point is to restrict gerrymandering. I'm sure legislators could do some really sketchy stuff, even within those limits.
Posted by: Secundus at December 23, 2010 02:13 PM (W54uI)
Do you really want more representatives from NY and Cali?
Posted by: Unclefacts, Confuse A Cat, Ltd. at December 23, 2010 02:14 PM (eCAn3)
Which Congress is going to support that? We know that this doesn't happen.
Posted by: AnonymousDrivel at December 23, 2010 02:14 PM (swuwV)
Yes. We created or saved between zero and one billion jobs in the Illinois 99th alone! And they were all green!
Posted by: Secundus at December 23, 2010 02:15 PM (W54uI)
Posted by: phoenixgirl at December 23, 2010 02:16 PM (eOXTH)
Posted by: phoenixgirl at December 23, 2010 02:17 PM (eOXTH)
Posted by: Secundus at December 23, 2010 02:18 PM (W54uI)
If they'd like to cut back on the number of congresscritters, no complaint from me
Posted by: kbdabear at December 23, 2010 02:18 PM (vdfwz)
"Except where prevented by a state line, national boundary, or body of water, all congressional districts shall have four (4) sides, connected by four right angles."
Allow different sizes for population, but squares and rectangles only. Watch the heads explode...
Posted by: Secundus at December 23, 2010 06:07 PM (W54uI)
They should be able to use state county lines too. In fact, that might be best to be a requirement that counties not be split haphazardly
Posted by: Oldcat at December 23, 2010 02:19 PM (z1N6a)
Posted by: phoenixgirl at December 23, 2010 02:20 PM (eOXTH)
Yeh, that'll happen
Posted by: Reality at December 23, 2010 02:20 PM (vdfwz)
Posted by: phoenixgirl at December 23, 2010 02:20 PM (eOXTH)
Posted by: Kasper Hauser at December 23, 2010 02:20 PM (PzF+K)
Posted by: Billy Mack, a detective down in Texas at December 23, 2010 02:21 PM (le5qc)
I think, for reasons of thrift, this new second Capitol should be made of reinforced concrete. And for security reasons, it should be surrounded by a fence, topped with razor wire.
Hmmmmmm.
Posted by: Secundus at December 23, 2010 02:23 PM (W54uI)
Hard to say. Does anybody know if Keith Ellison is in the closet?
Posted by: kbdabear at December 23, 2010 02:23 PM (vdfwz)
Per the article, the objective followed was the so called, "Wyoming Rule" a rule that looked at smaller populated states as having an inordinate amount of repesenttion as compared to larger states. And the author says that the district number of 579K would equate to the redistribution of 100 new representatives however, in the same article the author goes on to claim that adding additional reps to largely populated states would "least likely benefit."
So here we have a stated objective to bring parity for those pesky small states whose small population gives them "more" representation verusus larger states.
But then in the same breath the chosen method of redistribution admittedly will not benefit the larger states.
This article is flawed.
Posted by: journolist at December 23, 2010 02:24 PM (LwLqV)
Posted by: Saint Vlad Teppich at December 23, 2010 02:25 PM (SJ6/3)
Posted by: Saint Vlad Teppich at December 23, 2010 06:25 PM (SJ6/3)
We can stack some of them two per pike.
Posted by: Oldcat at December 23, 2010 02:26 PM (z1N6a)
Posted by: robtr at December 23, 2010 02:26 PM (hVDig)
Posted by: robtr at December 23, 2010 06:26 PM (hVDig)
The new 100 congressmen must be shorter than 5'10'' tall.
Posted by: Oldcat at December 23, 2010 02:28 PM (z1N6a)
Make them run every other election at large. Then the fringe Critters of all sorts would likely get weeded out.
Even better, make those who get pork and earmarks have their districts pay a flat rate surcharge for that pork or earmark. This would get everyone's attention.
Posted by: drfredc at December 23, 2010 02:31 PM (/+GW9)
Posted by: Andrew at December 23, 2010 02:31 PM (CzDAD)
Posted by: Demosthenes at December 23, 2010 02:32 PM (NYG4s)
Posted by: eman at December 23, 2010 02:34 PM (XXyJt)
Posted by: dan in michigan at December 23, 2010 02:38 PM (9jRMu)
Sixty or seventy men may be more properly trusted with a given degree of power than six or seven. But it does not follow that six or seven hundred would be proportionably a better depositary. And if we carry on the supposition to six or seven thousand, the whole reasoning ought to be reversed. The truth is, that in all cases a certain number at least seems to be necessary to secure the benefits of free consultation and discussion, and to guard against too easy a combination for improper purposes; as, on the other hand, the number ought at most to be kept within a certain limit, in order to avoid the confusion and intemperance of a multitude. In all very numerous assemblies, of whatever character composed, passion never fails to wrest the sceptre from reason. Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly would still have been a mob.
In other words, the absolute size of the House itself is also a consideration. 435 is already large for a parliament. As Madison says and Freddoso idiotically quotes in support of a larger house, six or seven hundred is no gain at best, and at worst starts to verge on mob territory rather than on deliberation and reason.
Also, adding members past a certain point dilutes their individual power more than suggested by mathematical division. Decreasing their individual national influence and increasing their national anonymity only makes them more dependent on party structure and leadership for campaign funds, infrastructure and reelection. This could more than offset any gains from Reps being a better fit individually for smaller districts, if they are then more dependent on big parties and less on personal influence or small caucuses to get anything done.
Posted by: Dave R. at December 23, 2010 02:39 PM (+pxoP)
I'll bite. What did we get in 1960 that's worth keeping? I think the Department of Defense/War predates WW2 (a quick wikipedia search indicates it does rather dramatically).
Posted by: Methos at December 23, 2010 02:40 PM (Ew1k4)
Posted by: David Sherman at December 23, 2010 02:42 PM (PU38z)
Well, for some of the chumps anyway.
Posted by: Jim Badass DeMint at December 23, 2010 02:47 PM (EL+OC)
The damage they do is infinite.
The law of Unintended Consequences applies in Spades.
Look where this stupid f'ing idea originated.
This would just give them more excuses to bloat Federal Budgets bigger.
They MUST BE STOPPED. All of them.
Drive toward Zero. Repeal, Repeal, Repeal.
Knock over a few Federal Buildings too while we're at it.
Posted by: Jimmy Doolittle at December 23, 2010 02:47 PM (vwh8M)
Posted by: Kasper Hauser
Rabbit Season! And term limits!
Frankly if we actually ARE interested in more responsive representation, I think this absolutely has to go along with term limits. We have term limits in Ohio for the Assembly and Senate, and there have been a few real strange consequences of that, but it now means we turn over the reps more often, and I actually know several people who ran in the primaries this year due to the populist direction this is going in.
Term Limits and more representation.
Rabiit Season!
Posted by: Reader C.J. Burch, with grimy overalls. at December 23, 2010 02:55 PM (sJTmU)
Posted by: notpoliticallycorrect at December 23, 2010 03:01 PM (WUxVR)
Because we aren't a nation, but a union of states, and we like the Electoral College just fine, TYVM.
Posted by: Methos at December 23, 2010 03:07 PM (Ew1k4)
When the House was set at 435, the body's size pretty much fit the cube root rule that historically has set the size of legislative governments worldwide. Were today's House size set by the cube root rule, there would be 676 seats - or about 1 per 457,000 people.
Posted by: cinyc at December 23, 2010 03:08 PM (RAVYq)
#32 - How about we pick 1 person at random out of the phone book and they can do all the work that Congress was going to do. Can't be any worse than it is now.
I have advocated this for quite some time. Why is a Republic only representative if someone votes for the reps? Isn't the point of a Republic to Represent the cultural member of society and thus it's mindset as to acceptable collective action?
How do scientists find a representative sample? They randomly select within a large group to be studied.
Radomly select a person over the age of 18, with the appropriate restrictions as to mental status and criminal background like a jury member. Let them serve 2 years and then forever be banned from government office. No more self serving elitists telling us what to do. No vote buying scams. AND no more political parties to divide the country into self interest groups. Just being a citizen of their respective State is special interest enough.
If liberals have proven anything it is weakness of Democracy because with the proper propaganda you can bambozzle anyone telling them what they want to hear with no intention of delivering or meaning what you say. E.g. Barack Obama
Posted by: dscott at December 23, 2010 03:11 PM (NGe7F)
Posted by: robtr at December 23, 2010 06:26 PM (hVDig)
#74 - The new 100 congressmen must be shorter than 5'10'' tall.
Yeah, just what we need, a hundred more with Napoleon complexes.
Posted by: dscott at December 23, 2010 03:15 PM (NGe7F)
If liberals have proven anything it is weakness of Democracy because with the proper propaganda you can bambozzle anyone telling them what they want to hear with no intention of delivering or meaning what you say. E.g. Barack Obama
Posted by: dscott at December 23, 2010 07:11 PM (NGe7F)
Yes oligarchs, kings, emperors, dictators were never bamboozled at any time.
Posted by: Oldcat at December 23, 2010 03:22 PM (z1N6a)
Posted by: gm at December 23, 2010 03:23 PM (ABUrf)
Posted by: gm at December 23, 2010 03:25 PM (ABUrf)
Posted by: Comrade Arthur at December 23, 2010 03:29 PM (kvU6P)
89
It worked well for Athens and I personally think we should also adopt their process of ostracism. A couple members of Congress and the Media immediately come to mind.
Posted by: CT at December 23, 2010 03:30 PM (56lYi)
Yes and no. The bump would be small if you are just looking at their compensation, staff, etc. Where you get real numbers is that's 100 more piggies adding earmarks and other forms of pork for their district. If their were some way we could get 100 more budget cutters, then you'd be on to something.
I suppose if you get the size of the district down small enough where it would be impossible for them to get away with their crap, maybe that would work. But, I don't think 100 more would do it. At the founding of our nation, it was something like 30K constituents per rep. To match that, based on a population of roughly 300 million people, we would need a house of 10,000 seats.
That might be worth doing just for the entertainment value it would bring to CSPAN.
Posted by: Anon Y. Mous at December 23, 2010 03:32 PM (DsU01)
Posted by: HSTAD at December 23, 2010 03:33 PM (e0+7F)
Yeah, because 500,000 per congressman is sooo much better than 700,000 per congressman.
Howabout instead we limit the amount of time Congress can be in session. Say, we only allow them to screw us for 6 or 8 weeks out of the year, the rest of the time they can't meet and do us harm.
Posted by: Doug at December 23, 2010 03:34 PM (gUGI6)
Posted by: Longwalker at December 23, 2010 03:36 PM (GkYyh)
Furthermore, it would be much more difficult for interest groups to bribe a majority of 8000 legislators into passing preferential legislation than it is to bribe a majority of 435. And yes, we would finally see Libertarians in Congress, but also Communists and Greens. Nancy Pelosi would still be an insufferable fucktard representing the idiots in San Francisco, but she would be reduced to a tiny shrill voice among thousands.
And yes, repeal the 17th Amendment. Sentators were intended to be the representatives of state governments, not the people.
Posted by: LoveSteakHateHippies at December 23, 2010 03:37 PM (5PYQ3)
Posted by: rickinstl at December 23, 2010 03:49 PM (XuSLR)
Posted by: LoveSteakHateHippies at December 23, 2010 07:37 PM (5PYQ3)
I don't see how making one house of Congress even less responsive to popular will constitutes "reform"
Posted by: Oldcat at December 23, 2010 04:10 PM (z1N6a)
They have to volunteer - No salary, no pension, No HEALTH BENEFITS. All that stuff would come from their real jobs.
Posted by: TexBob at December 23, 2010 04:14 PM (7cXE7)
Posted by: Svenster at December 23, 2010 04:47 PM (hauCN)
Posted by: Ohio Dan at December 23, 2010 04:47 PM (UfHgE)
Posted by: notpoliticallycorrect at December 23, 2010 04:50 PM (vXagV)
Problem is 600 is not divisible by 57.
Posted by: TennDon at December 23, 2010 04:59 PM (o6Yv2)
I don't see how making one house of Congress even less responsive to popular will constitutes "reform"
This "Repeal the 17th" wheeze is popular among those who think every word the Founders wrote was inviolable and somehow divinely inspired.
They did not take into account the transformation of politics into a combination career and lifestyle. When they were planning the Republic, they didn't envision individual states becoming little banana-republic nations of their own.
Would you want the legislatures in California, Illinois, Massachusetts and New York (to name only a few) to consolidate their power by picking Senators?
It's all happy and wonderful in theory, but a nation of theories cannot stand.
Posted by: MrScribbler© at December 23, 2010 05:00 PM (Ulu3i)
The progression seems to be towards more bigger badder central government and 600 representatives is too few to make the laws for 310,000,000. So we have a thousand or two, hell, we wouldn't even need to send them all to DC. Just have them vote from the state capitols, transmit voting results electronically. Easy peasy. Front benchers would serve on committees, backbenchers stay back home with their constituents. Holy shit, reps representing? What an idea! Front bench committeemen could be chosen by state legislative leaders such as the speaker of the state house, state senate pres. pro tempore, lt. gov. and governor among others every session of Congress. Oh my God, it's like a new check and balance! United States Speaker of the House is always the head of the majority party, so that's taken care of. Majority/minority leadership would be harder to determine, but that's party nonsense and I don't care enough to consider it.
Then we boost the Senate. Only two per? How about Six? Four chosen by popular vote and two appointed by the states. Or six popularly elected, but I kinda like my hybrid elected/appointed system. That's 300 Senators. Still much more exclusive than the House, but more likely to be representative. Would have to tighten the rules for debate a bit, though.
Then we boost representation in the state houses. Hell, Texas has 25,000,000 people and only 150 representatives in the State House? 600 there would be great, certainly.
There's also this thing I heard of called Federalism, I think we need to give that a shot.
Posted by: Robert at December 23, 2010 07:00 PM (4q6A5)
Is this how they're going to create the bogus CD's mentioned in the porkulus spending as having existed?
Posted by: I R A Darth Aggie © at December 23, 2010 07:02 PM (BDH94)
Posted by: ThePaganTemple at December 23, 2010 08:26 PM (87oTs)
A larger Congress would just increase the number of hard calls you'd have to make. More seats = more states coming close.
It would dilute the advantage smaller states have in the electoral college, since electoral college votes = # senators + # representatives.
If you only raised the number of reps to 500 it wouldn't significantly reduce the size of the constituency. The more you try to reduce that size, the more the two problems above come into play.
There are already lots of politicians with much smaller constituencies. They are called city councilmen and state legislators. Shitloads of people couldn't even tell you who their state legislator or city councilman is. Having a large constituency actually makes the stakes a lot higher, so that more people pay attention.
Posted by: Obama's Ego at December 23, 2010 08:28 PM (jlVt1)
Posted by: PatC at December 23, 2010 09:08 PM (zCto6)
Posted by: Taxpayer at December 23, 2010 09:31 PM (NpmCe)
Posted by: asics shoes at December 23, 2010 09:59 PM (Uw8og)
The answer isn’t quantity – its quality.
As it stands now, the only people who can run for congress are egotistical millionaires or people with nothing to lose. No one who isnÂ’t independently wealthy can maintain two residences and support a family on a middle-manager wage.
If you want to save hundreds of billions each year, increase congressional pay to a base of $500,000 per year. Establish a bonus plan that allows each congressman to earn an additional half million each year if federal spending is lower than a baseline plus 90% of inflation, constantly lowering the overall share of the GNP the fed spends. On top of that, provide each congressman with a Net Jets card in proportion to their distance from Washington.
These people are responsible for spending trillions of our money. By allowing the job of congressman to be financially viable and attractive, along with giving personal incentives to be prudent with the taxpayerÂ’s money, a better quality of politician will be possible.
(Note: This needs to be enacted along with a campaign finance reform bill that would allow unlimited fundraising for the challengers, but provide federal money matching the highest candidate in a district for the incumbent. Sitting congressmen would be strictly forbidden from taking any campaign donations while in office.)
Posted by: jwest at December 24, 2010 02:44 AM (qeYI9)
Posted by: kansas at December 24, 2010 05:42 AM (4FGpb)
Did I mention the UK is mighty small?
Posted by: Kemp at December 24, 2010 08:18 AM (JpFM9)
Posted by: CNC at December 24, 2010 09:24 AM (uhH73)
Posted by: ManeiNeko at December 24, 2010 11:02 AM (TiE76)
Posted by: steelman77 at December 24, 2010 05:10 PM (ySiBp)
Posted by: Den1313 at December 25, 2010 09:05 AM (RFUJJ)
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Posted by: FlaviusJulius at December 23, 2010 01:38 PM (SJ6/3)